STUDY OF TIME CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAIN RECEIVING FROM AUTO TRANSPORT AT PROCUREMENT ELEVATORS

Abstract

At harvesting elevators and grain receiving enterprises, the operation of receiving grain from motor vehicles is the main one. Many elevators of other types also accept grain from motor vehicles due to the fact that it allows to improve the economic performance of the enterprise, and in general, the combination of functions inherent in elevators of different types is a feature of enterprises in the elevator industry of our country. For almost all elevators or grain terminals, the issue of car queues before the entrance is acute. The introduction of various high-performance car unloaders helps to increase the capacity of elevators for unloading grain from cars and road trains of all types. The process of receiving grain from vehicles consists of several operations, and each operation in this chain is important in reducing the time the vehicle stays at the enterprise, and therefore, increasing its throughput. We analyzed the process of unloading cars on U-15URAG-U car unloaders installed at two procurement elevators in the Mykolaiv and Zhytomyr regions. In the course of carrying out this scientific study, we timed the unloading process of 20 single cars (that is, without trailers), which were used to deliver grain to the enterprise. The main stages of unloading cars in the reception facilities of the studied enterprises were highlighted and the average (most reliable), minimum and maximum execution time of each stage was determined. Schedules of the unloading of vehicles with wheat grain at the harvesting elevators, where the research was carried out, were constructed. The results of the timing of the unloading of cars in the receiving device showed that the longest stage is the lifting of the platform of the car loader and the pouring of grain, and the least lasting is the exit of the driver from the cab. The average unloading time was 561.5 seconds for the first enterprise (Mykolaiv Region) and 565 seconds for the second (Zhytomyr Region). It should be noted that the time of raising and lowering the platforms of U15-URAG-U truck unloaders at both considered enterprises corresponds to the passport data, that is, the truck unloaders are not working at maximum efficiency.