Study of Thyroid Dysfunction and Serum Electrolytes Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disturbances of various metabolisms of Carbohydrates and majorly caused by the Dysfunction of Beta cells in the pancreas. It is of increasing concern, in which a person will have a hyperglycemia, because of the body does not produce enough insulin or because the cells in the body does not respond to the insulin that is produced, majorly, diabetes have been classified into three types. Type I diabetes mellitus results from inability or failure of our body to produce insulin, which increase Blood glucose levels rapidly and whereas in type II diabetes mellitus the person requires to inject the insulin or wear an insulin pump has emerged as a pandemic health problem in the world right now, and the prevalence is increasing rapidly and the type II diabetes mellitus which accounts for about 20% to 50% cases of new-onset of diabetes in the young people, it is a common endocrine disorder, which is also associated with several electrolytic disorders and this also leads to the disturbances in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is one of the most important organs in the human body. It regulates the majority of the body’s physiological actions. Thyroid hormone has an impact on renal tubular function and the reninangiotensin system and is associated with hemodynamic and cardiovascular alterations that interfere with renal blood flow. Conversely, the kidney is not only an organ for the metabolism and elimination of TH but also a target organ of some of the actions of the iodothyronines. The thyroid hormone is a central regulator of body functions, disorder of thyroid functions is considered to cause electrolytic disorders in diabetes mellitus patients. The present cross-sectional study investigated whether thyroid parameter concentrations, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), T3, T4, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). it had been correlated with electrolytes levels in Diabetic patients. The aim of the study is to study the serum electrolytes levels and thyroid dysfunction in the DM patients. It is a retrospective – cross sectional study. Sample size - 100 (50- DM patients and 50 -Non Diabetic age matched controls). Medical records of and laboratory reports of 50 patients and 50 controls were retrieved and parameters were retrospectively viewed for clinical findings. The results had showed a significant difference among the controls and the patients. It may be concluded from this study that dysregulation of glucose homeostasis may leads to renal failure, renal stones, cardiac arrhythmias due to increase in sodium & potassium levels, and it also can cause hypogonadism, in future the further studies are needed in order to study the underlying mechanism of electrolytes in diabetes mellitus.