Abstract
In this research article, the unsteady nanofluid flow between two horizontal plates is discussed. The main focus of this study is on the explanation of the relative study of water-based nanofluids with four different types of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles selected for this specific research article are copper oxide [Formula: see text], aluminum oxide [Formula: see text], copper [Formula: see text], and silver [Formula: see text]. The upper plate is moving downward with time-dependent velocity while the lower plate is stretching horizontally. Also the lower plate is made up of porous medium. The stream in permeable region is characterized by Darcy–Forchheimer relation. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model is used for heat transfer phenomena. Viscous dissipation effect is taken in account. Skin friction and Nusselt number are numerically calculated. Total entropy generation is also discussed for squeezing system. Transformation technique is applied to transform the model from partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Homotopy techniques are applied to solve the problem. The influence of important parameters on velocity, temperature, and entropy profiles have been shown graphically and discussed in detail.
Highlights
The development of high energy storage technologies is basic goal of the researchers and engineers
Mustafa et al.[44] studded rotating flow of magnetite-water nanofluid over stretching sheet with non-linear thermal radiation
A1 describes the ratio of densities between nanofluids and base fluid, A2 describes the ratio of electric conductivities between nanofluids and base fluid, A3 describes ratio of dynamic viscosities between nanofluids and base fluid, A4 describes the ratio of thermal conductivities between nanofluids and base fluid, A5 describes the ratio of specific heat capacities between nanofluids and base fluid, a illustrates the rotation parameter, b illustrates the squeezing parameter, g illustrates the thermal relaxation parameter, d defines the suction parameter, l demonstrates the porosity parameter, lo demonstrates the relaxation time, Fr shows the inertia coefficient, Pr shows the Prandtl number, Tr denotes the thermal radiation, and Ec and Ed are local Eckert number and Eckert number, respectively
Summary
The development of high energy storage technologies is basic goal of the researchers and engineers. Uniqueness of Cattaneo–Christov heat of fluid with constant density is considered by Tibullo and Zampoli.[43] Mustafa et al.[44] studded rotating flow of magnetite-water nanofluid over stretching sheet with non-linear thermal radiation. Flow due to stretched surface has many industrial and engineering applications for Condensation process, polymer extrusion, drawing of copper wires, die forging and extrusion of polymer, paper production and fiber production are the real life or industrial applications of stretching sheet.[59] Entropy generation minimization (EGM) is very beneficial in many systems like microchannel, reactors, curved pipes, fuel cells, gas turbines, chillers, chemical and electrochemical, natural convection, evaporative cooling, solar thermal, regular, air separators, and functionally graded materials.[60,61].
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