Abstract
Awareness of the use of compatible materials in historical building conservation has resulted in a rebirth of lime technology and application. However, knowledge of the preparation of and procedures influencing the final quality of lime is still limited and disagreement regarding the proper use of lime in heritage building conservation still continues to exist. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the reasons for deterioration and to suggest possible treatments for external walls of heritage buildings in George Town, Penang. Since lime has been used on most external walls, it was chosen as the focus of this research. This study was conducted based on a qualitative method which drew upon a review of literature, visual observations, and interviews. From a pilot survey of 85 historical buildings in the core zone, it was found that from the use of lime based materials, the possible defects were caused by three factors: climatic change, air pollution, and maintenance issues. This study focuses on the use of lime plaster as well as issues that could arise from its improper use.
Highlights
George Town, Penang faces several problems when it comes to dealing with issues related to historic buildings
Out of 85 selected historical buildings, 75 showed signs of staining, 74 buildings had discolouration, 73 buildings had chalking, 57 buildings suffered from peeling paint, 55 buildings had blistering paint, 46 suffered from non-structural cracks, 35 faced a loss of lime plaster, the mortar of 10 buildings had eroded and 9 buildings suffered from efflorescence
From the results of the visual observations, it can be concluded that the external factors affecting historical buildings in George Town, Penang are climatic change, air pollution, and lack of proper maintenance
Summary
George Town, Penang faces several problems when it comes to dealing with issues related to historic buildings. The selection of a suitable repair method and materials during the conservation of a building can prevent or lessen the effects of the same problems in the future. Lime is a product of calcium carbonate which commonly takes the form of limestone. It is found and quarried in lime stone hills and can be found in coral, sea shells, and chalk. It shows how lime allows natural ground moisture to move up the wall and to evaporate through lime plaster
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