Abstract
The implementation of organic phase change materials (PCMs) in several applications such as heating and cooling or building comfort is an important target in thermal energy storage (TES). However, one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs implementation is flammability. The addition of flame retardants to PCMs or shape-stabilized PCMs is one of the approaches to address this problem and improve their final deployment in the building material sector. In this study, the most common organic PCM, Paraffin RT-21, and fatty acids mixtures of capric acid (CA), myristic acid (MA), and palmitic acid (PA) in bulk, were tested to improve their fire reaction. Several flame retardants, such as ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate, hydromagnesite, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide, were tested. The properties of the improved PCM with flame retardants were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), the dripping test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results for the dripping test show that fire retardancy was considerably enhanced by the addition of hydromagnesite (50 wt %) and magnesium hydroxide (50 wt %) in fatty acids mixtures. This will help the final implementation of these enhanced PCMs in building sector. The influence of the addition of flame retardants on the melting enthalpy and temperatures of PCMs has been evaluated.
Highlights
In recent years, governments have started to be more aware of the urgent need to make better use of the world’s energy resources
The results reported that melamine and a multi-porous material (SiO2 ) improve fire performance
Thermophysical properties of paraffin have been investigated by many researchers [18,19,20,21]
Summary
Governments have started to be more aware of the urgent need to make better use of the world’s energy resources. Phase-change materials (PCMs) incorporated in the building walls can smooth temperature fluctuations and reduce electrical consumption by restricting the necessity to use electricity for heating/cooling during peak load periods [2,3]. 2 of and reduce electrical consumption by restricting the necessity to use electricity for heating/cooling. Phase change materials (PCMs) have received much attention within the scientific community during peak load periods [2,3]. Due to the fact that they present high-energy storage density when usedthe in scientific the required range of. Phase change materials (PCMs) have received much attention within community working. The fact that they high-energy storage PCMs densityinwhen used in the required of andworking coolingtemperatures.
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