Study of the therapeutic effect of fullerene nanoemulsion on wrinkle repair of C57BL6 mouse animal model with high frequency imaging

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most obvious morphological changes due to aging is the formation of facial wrinkles, which are remarkably visible at middle ages and can have a significant effect on the quality of life of individuals. It is believed that UVB is one of the main causes of aging by stimulating reactive oxygen species. Nanoemulsion was loaded with fullerene, a strong free radical scavenger, and its efficacy to provide protection and regenerative effect against ROS-induced collagen breakdown in C57BL6 mouse animal model of skin was studied by recording high-frequency ultrasound images and evaluating the depth of heath layer of the tissue including the dermal and epidermal layer. Materials and Methods: Nanoemulsions formation was carried out using a method based on high energy emulsification technique. Oil phase (Fullerene (C60), white beeswax, Span 80 Phenonip, Palmkerneloilesters) and aqueous phase (xanthan gum, Tween 80, Water deionized) were separately preheated up to 75 ± 1 C. Fullerene nanoemulsion was prepared by adding the aqueous phase dropwise into the oil phase and homogenizing the mixture at 3000 rpm using a high shear homogenizer at room temperature (25 ± 2 C) for 20 min. The premixed emulsions were further subjected to ultrasonication by 24 kHz ultrasonic tip processor with a maximum power output of 400 W. The C57BL6 mouse animal model was exposed to radiation induced aging for5 weeks (5 times a week) with radiation intensity of 0/03 mW/ cm2 and then devided into two groups: control(5mice) and treatment(5mice) Subjects were instructed to apply 0.5 mL of fullerene nanoemulsion at a concentration of 1000µg/ml for28 days (twice a day in the morning and at nigh) in the form of topical UV radiation. Physical parameters were measured weekly (up to 4weeks) during the treatment wrinkles from ultrasound images with a resolution of 0/001mm and in the groups analyzed as mean and standard deviation. Results: The percentage of changes in the thickness of the epidermis layer on the seventh day in the control group increased by 2%, in the treatment group with a fullerene nanoemulsion decreased by13%, on the 14th day in the control group increased by 5%, and in the treatment group decreased by 32%, on the 21th day in the control group and treatment decreased by 0% and 37% and on the 28th day in the control group and treatment groups, respectively increased by 2% and decreased by 43%. The percentage of changes in the thickness of the dermis layer on the seventh day in the control group increased by 1%, in the treatment group with a fullerene nanoemulsion decreased by21%, on the 14th day in the control group increased by 4%, and in the treatment group decreased by 28%, on the 21th day in the control group and treatment decreased by 3% and 34% and on the 28th day in the control group and treatment groups, respectively increased by 1% and decreased by 37%. Conclusion: The physicsl parameters of the skin layers resulting from the processing of ultrasound images (thickness or skin layers) significantly decreased during the treatment process in the animal model of the mouse. Therefore in the present study the effect of the fullerene nanoemulsion regeneration on the basis of the processing of consecutive ultrasound images with high resolution in wrinkle repair is proposed.