Abstract
The paper presents a method and results of experimental testing of the stability of palletized cargo wrapped in stretch film in laboratory conditions and methods and parameterization of its application for proper cargo securing. Reduction of stretch film consumption is also significant for sustainable transport. It will contribute to the minimization of costs on a micro-scale (manufacturers and shippers) and a macro scale—a significant reduction in pollution of the environment and gas emissions by reducing stretch film production. The experiments have been performed following the requirements of EUMOS 40509 and 40511 standards. The proposed method of testing the stability of palletized cargo is based on tests performed on a laboratory test bench using FEF-200 sensors. The results of conducted experiments demonstrated that the selection of a proper stretch film and a cargo wrapping model could significantly reduce the risk of cargo damage through increasing cargo stabilizing forces and, at the same time, reducing stretch film consumption. The developed method can significantly reduce the cost of securing and concurrently assure required cargo security. This directly impacts the safety of all participants in the transport process in supply chains.
Highlights
Preparation of cargo for transport—proper selection of packaging and, most importantly, the proper way of forming and securing pallet unit loads (PUL)—is a crucial issue occurring on the side of the manufacturer/shipper, as the first link in the distribution chain [1,2]
The test shall be considered positive if the deformation of the cargo is not greater than that specified in EUMOS 40509, i.e.,: the cargo must not shift more than 5% of its height, the cargo must not incline by more than 10% of its height, the tested cargo must not be damaged during the test
The test shall be considered positive if the deformation of the cargo is not greater than that specified in EUMOS 40509, i.e.,: o the cargo must not shift more than 5% of its height, o the cargo must not incline by more than 10% of its height, Tableo5
Summary
Preparation of cargo for transport—proper selection of packaging (shape, resistance to pressure, etc.) and, most importantly, the proper way of forming and securing pallet unit loads (PUL)—is a crucial issue occurring on the side of the manufacturer/shipper, as the first link in the distribution chain [1,2]. When analysing the rationality of the use of cargo packaging and securing it, only the lowest possible cost of the use thereof is taken into account, without consideration for possible risks of the influence of other factors on the cargo, occurring during transport and storage and losses resulting from damage to products in the packaging as well as the uncertainty of information in the delivery process [5]. Examples of such factors occurring during transport are acceleration/overload forces, vibrations transmitted between the road, the vehicle, and the cargo [6]. Those preparing cargo for shipment generally overlook proper packaging due to haste or lack of direct responsibility for possible damage
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