Abstract
The studies were carried out on the following types of soils, most widespread within Azerbaijan: gray-brown, gray-earth-meadow, gray-brown and mountain-gray-brown. Common to these soils is the deep penetration of humus into the soil profile and its very slow decrease down by profile. According to the results of our research, it is proved that in the soil the humus content in the 25-50 cm layer is from 2.00 to 2.12%, and the total nitrogen is from 0.112 to 176%, the content of mineral forms of nitrogen is almost identical with the previous soils, while some an increase in the content of phosphorus and exchangeable potassium relative to other studied soils. The amount of carbonates in these soils is low (CaCO<sub>3</sub> -6.4-10.4%). The absorbed bases are dominated by calcium, which is 60.3-76.7% of the total exchangeable cations. The amount of exchangeable sodium in the absorbed complex is low, 2.7-4.7% of the total, while the content of exchangeable magnesium is quite high. The moisture regime of mountain-gray-brown soils is determined mainly by the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the course of evaporation of soil moisture.
Highlights
The territory of Azerbaijan is divided into 2 large zones
The period of development of the main mountaineering phase in the formation of the modern relief of the Lesser Caucasus coincides with the Pliocene, which mainly fell on the time
Gray-brown soils can be referred to heavy loamy soils, the content of humus in a half-meter layer of soils varies from 1.12 to 2.97%, and total nitrogen - 0.0960.221%
Summary
The territory of Azerbaijan is divided into 2 large zones. The first includes the low-lying and lowland foothills, where the cultivation of crops without artificial irrigation is impossible, that is, the irrigated zone. Mountain brown soils are formed in the lower reaches of arid forests and shrubs. Mountain brown soils are formed in arid conditions under light oak-hornbeam forests, in areas with a developed xerophytic grass cover. These soils are formed in difficult relief-hydrothermal conditions. The period of development of the main mountaineering phase in the formation of the modern relief of the Lesser Caucasus coincides with the Pliocene, which mainly fell on the time. Some of the large tectonic structures in the central part of the Lesser Caucasus, which is part of Azerbaijan, do not have their own shape in the relief. Are the main soil and ecological characteristics of these soils, which play an important role in the life of soil microorganisms
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