Abstract
BackgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide formed of 30 amino acids. It is synthesized in and released from the enteroendocrine L cells that are present throughout the small and the large intestine. Because of the important physiological role of GLP-1 in augmenting insulin secretion, it is generally believed that GLP-1 release is deficient in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.However, studies in adults have yielded conflicting results showing decreased, normal, or increased GLP-1 concentrations in prediabetics or T2DM after oral glucose or mixed meal.The aim of this work was to study the level of fasting total GLP-1 in T2DM patients and its relation to the glycemic profile.Patients and methodsThis study included 60 T2DM patients and 40 participants matched for age and sex as a control group, selected from the inpatient and outpatient clinics of the Internal Medicine Department in Menoufia University Hospital. After obtaining their informed consent, all participants were subjected to a full assessment of history and physical examination with estimation of BMI, insulin resistance with homeostasis model assessment-2, and investigations including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbAIc), and the total fasting levels of GLP-1.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the level of GLP-1 between T2DM patients and the controls. There were significant negative correlations between the fasting total GLP-1 and FBG, HbAIc, serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-2 in both the total sample and the T2DM patients.ConclusionFasting total levels of GLP-1 are not reduced in T2DM patients and are negatively correlated with FBG, HbAIc, and insulin resistance.
Highlights
The incretin effect is the augmented insulin secretion that is elicited by oral compared with intravenous administration of glucose when glucose levels during two challenges are matched
The fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbAIc, fasting serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-2 (HOMA2) were significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups in BMI (Table 1)
There were significant negative correlations between the total Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and FBG, HbAIc, fasting serum insulin, and HOMA2, and no significant correlation between GLP-1 level and BMI (Table 3)
Summary
The incretin effect is the augmented insulin secretion that is elicited by oral compared with intravenous administration of glucose when glucose levels during two challenges are matched. Patients and methods This study included 60 T2DM patients and 40 participants matched for age and sex as a control group, selected from the inpatient and outpatient clinics of the Internal Medicine Department in Menoufia University Hospital. After obtaining their informed consent, all participants were subjected to a full assessment of history and physical examination with estimation of BMI, insulin resistance with homeostasis model assessment-2, and investigations including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbAIc), and the total fasting levels of GLP-1. There were significant negative correlations between the fasting total GLP-1 and FBG, HbAIc, serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-2 in both the total sample and the T2DM patients
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