STUDY OF THE SAFETY OF GRAIN POST-ALCOHOLIC GRAIN

Abstract

Introduction. When producing alcohol, only the starch is extracted from the grain; the remainder of the grain containing various biologically active substances (BAS): proteins and amino acids, reducing substances, uronides, flavonoids, lipids, vitamins and provitamins, with added enzymes is called post-alcohol grain grains, its volume is 12-13 times greater than the volume of alcohol and practically not used. To substantiate the prospects for the pharmaceutical use of grains, two areas of processing have been proposed: to obtain total biologically active substances (“Biobardins”) and in-dividual betaine hydrochlorides with different pharmacological properties. The assumption that the cause of grains spoilage is labile biologically active substances, the isolation of which will determine the stability of grains, requires experimental confirmation. The purpose of the work is to study the chemical and microbiological safety of grains (wheat, corn, barley, millet) before and after its processing (after obtaining Biobardins and betaines). Material and methods. The object of the study is various types of grain grounds (wheat, corn, barley, millet) produced in 2021–2022 by distilleries in the Stavropol Territory. We studied the chemical safety of industrial waste according to the integral and most informative indicator of anthropogenic environmental pollution - the indicator “chemical oxygen consumption” (COC), determined by dichromatometry. Microbiological quality control of grain grounds was carried out in accordance with the requirements of general pharmacopoeial monograph GPM.1.2.4.0002.18 “Microbiological purity” of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV. Results. The indicator of “chemical oxygen consumption” (COC), which characterizes the chemical safety of waste and determined by dichromatome-try, decreased by 4.1 times (by 75.6%) when obtaining Biobardinov from stillage (from 54503 to 13205 mg O/l), and when obtaining betaines - 3.5 times (by 71.4%) (from 54503 to 15490 mg O/l). In both options, the recycled grains corresponds to non-hazardous industrial waste. According to the results of specific qualitative reactions, the processed grains contains no biologically active substances characteristic of the original grains: proteins and amino acids, reducing sugars, uronides. Microbiological control of the processed grains also confirmed its microbiological safety in terms of the content of aerobic bacteria, enterobacteria, fungi and the absence of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella. Conclusion. Thus, the use of various types of post-alcohol grain grains as pharmaceutical raw materials for the production of total and individual medicines made it possible to solve 2 problems: to use grains as a medicinal raw material and to reduce the technogenic impact of grains on the en-vironment.