Abstract
AbstractThe passivation effects of blast furnace slag, fly ash, corncob biochar, and phosphate fertilizer in Pb-contaminated soil was evaluated against the soil pH, available Pb content, Pb fractions, and bioactivity coefficient. Blast furnace slag and fly ash could increase soil pH, while corncob biochar and phosphate fertilizers lowered soil pH. The available Pb content in the blast furnace slag and phosphate fertilizer treatment groups was significantly lower than in other treatments. Also, blast furnace slag and phosphate fertilizer could significantly convert nonresidual Pb into residual Pb. Combined with the environmental impact after application and cost of the material, it is recommended that blast furnace slag can be used as a passivation agent for low-concentration Pb-contaminated soil.
Highlights
The passivation of trace element-contaminated soils is becoming a commonly used soil remediation technique used to reduce element mobility in soils by adding immobilizing agents
The soil pH varied according to the passivation materials
The soil pH increased after blast furnace slag or fly ash was added to the Pb-contaminated soil precipitates
Summary
The passivation of trace element-contaminated soils is becoming a commonly used soil remediation technique used to reduce element mobility in soils by adding immobilizing agents (amendments). It has been proven that blast furnace slag performs excellently at adsorbing in wastewater [6]. Blast furnace slag can significantly reduce the leachabilities of Ni and Mn when used to remediate heavy metalcontaminated soil [5]. Little research has been conducted on the application of blast furnace slag for the remediation of agricultural soil contaminated by Pb. Fly ash mainly comes from coal-fired power plants. Fly ash is regarded as a potentially effective soil remediation additive [8,9]. Biochar is another low-cost soil amendment having good passivation capabilities for heavy metal due to its environmental stability and porous structure. Biochar, composed of various waste biomass, is economical and adsorbs heavy metals and organic pollutants well [10,11]
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