Abstract
The research is based on five selected soil sites in Babylon, Iraq, and aims to find the relationship between the physical properties of the soil. Where five samples were taken at different depths with a description of the soil for them in the fieldwork stage. As for the laboratory investigations phase, it included exploratory grain size distribution and atterberg limits to find plasticity and inspecting the maximum dry density. It was found through these tests that the soil is clay with low plasticity, except the fourth and fifth samples, as it is silty clay with low plasticity. Soil efficiency for all samples is Inactive. The relationship between the physical properties depends on the grain size distribution characteristic, as it is a function of the rest of the properties. It was also found that the percentage of sand in clay soils increases the maximum dry density in them so that 20-30% of the form and the remainder do not exceed fine sizes (silt and clay), and with acceptable plasticity that is important in the field of using the soil for backfilling purposes under the foundations for engineering structures and roads.
Highlights
Soils in Iraq can be divided into three parts, one of which is the soil of the highlands and the western plateau in the north and west, and the other is the soil of the alluvial plain in the middle and south, and the last is the soil of the desert regions
It is known that the soil is divided into three parts according to clay soils, silty soils, and sandy soils, and each type has specific engineering properties (Arthur, 2007)
The laboratory tests conducted on the five samples for the locations of the study area, (Table 2) showed that during the test of the particle size analysis and the atterberg limits, the class of the soil depending on unified soil classification system was CL Clay with low plasticity, except for the fourth and fifth sites, they classes were of the ML silty clay with low plasticity
Summary
Soils in Iraq differ from one place to another, whether from a geological or engineering point of view, and the reason for this is due to the way they are formed and the genetic relationship between the components of the original soil and the bedrock, in addition to the transport It is characterized by the phenomenon of swelling when wetting, and cracking when drying, where large voids are formed and affect the reduction of compressive resistance to it factors and climatic influences (Holtz and Kovacs, 1981and Ajeet, 2015). Clay soils are characterized by their high plasticity and the increase in the surface area of their grains, as they consist of fine particles, and they need large quantities of water for their formation (Jawaid et al, 2016) It is characterized by the phenomenon of swelling when wetting and cracking when drying, where large voids are formed and affect the reduction of compressive resistance to it (Kalkan et al, 2020) In the case of comparison between sandy soils and the rest of the soils, sandy soils have a higher bearing capacity when constructing engineering installations on them than clay and silty ones, and fewer problems and subsidence occur in a short time that may disappear during construction (Braja and Khaled, 2018). We have studied the relationship between these physical properties of soil samples of varying size distribution (Luan et al, 2021)
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