Study of the relation between serum omentin-1 levels and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable degree that begins or is first identified during pregnancy. Pregnant women with GDM have an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. It is also associated with a higher likelihood of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a mother and her child. Omentin-1, a novel anti-inflammatory adipokine, is recognized as a main visceral secretory adipokine that may play a role in the context of both glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance (IR). Objective. To evaluate serum omentin-1 levels in GDM and its relationship with glycemic control, IR, and metabolic parameters. Patients and methods. This study included 75 patients who were divided into three groups: group I – 25 pregnant women with GDM diagnosed according to the WHO-2013 criteria, group II – 25 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, group III (control) – 25 healthy non-pregnant women. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels, fasting lipid profile, omentin-1, and HOMA-IR were measured in all patients, and a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Results. Between the groups of patients with and without IR, there was a statistically significant difference regarding serum omentin-1 levels, FPG, FPI, HOMA-IR, triglyceride (TG) levels, total cholesterol levels, as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p < 0.01). Serum omentin-1 levels had a negative association with FPI and HOMA-IR in all study groups. In addition, there was a strong negative correlation between serum omentin-1 and glycemic control, total cholesterol, TG, and LDL (p < 0.01) and a strong positive correlation between omentin-1 and HDL (p < 0.01) in all study groups. Conclusion. There was a strong negative correlation between omentin-1 and FPI levels, HOMA-IR, glycemic control, total cholesterol, TG, and LDL in all study groups. Moreover, serum omentin-1 levels were positively correlated with HDL. This suggests that omentin-1 has an essential role in IR during pregnancy. Key words: gestational diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, omentin-1