Abstract
Characteristic 4.44-MeV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the first excited state of carbon were observed in coincidence with scattered 4.5-GeV/c ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons in counters and wire spark chambers. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray angular distribution in the momentum-transfer frame confirms the electric quadrupole nature of the transition and reveals the polarization of the recoiling $^{12}\mathrm{C}*$ nucleus so that density matrix elements can be determined. A simple model with no adjustable parameters, which employs the distorted-wave impulse approximation and uses electron scattering data to obtain the nuclear transition matrix elements, predicts the angular distribution of the pions and the polarization of the $^{12}\mathrm{C}*$ recoils very well. However, the absolute values of the measured cross sections are only half as large as the predicted ones.
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