Abstract
Objective: The authors carried out a bibliographic search for the radiographic parameters used to determine tibiotalar joint alignment, and suggest a set of parameters that constitute the minimum radiographic evaluation sufficient for the proper assessment of tibiotalar alignment. Methods: The search was conducted between May 2019 and January 2020 on the online platforms PudMed and Google Scholar with the following terms, used separately or jointly: “ankle arthritis, radiographic measurement, ankle alignment, alignment, anterior ankle instability, X-ray, and ankle injury”. Results: We selected twelve studies evaluating radiographic patterns of normal ankles, and identified a total of 15 radiographic measurements. Conclusion: The authors believe that a minimum radiographic assessment of tibiotalar alignment should include the following parameters on the anteroposterior radiograph: the distal tibial articular angle, the talar tilt and talus center migration. On the lateral radiograph, it should include: lateral distal tibial angle and lateral talar station. Level of Evidence V; Diagnostic Study; Expert Opinion.
Highlights
Joint degeneration is a condition that is detrimental to the quality of life and functionality of affected patients(1)
The search was conducted between May 2019 and January 2020 on the online platforms PudMed and Google Scholar with the following terms, used separately or jointly: “ankle arthritis, radiographic measurement, ankle alignment, alignment, anterior ankle instability, X-ray, and ankle injury”
The authors believe that a minimum radiographic assessment of tibiotalar alignment should include the following parameters on the anteroposterior radiograph: the distal tibial articular angle, the talar tilt and talus center migration
Summary
Joint degeneration is a condition that is detrimental to the quality of life and functionality of affected patients(1). Among the lower limb joints, knee and hip ailments are well known and widely discussed in the literature. Ankle arthrosis, which corresponds to 6 to 13% of arthrosic processes, is studied infrequently, despite being just as limiting as knee and hip ailments, if not more so(2,3). Ankle arthrosis can be primary or secondary. Primary or idiopathic causes are rare, and generally affect subjects over 40 years of age(4). Secondary causes are more common and include post-traumatic conditions, dysplasia, inflammatory conditions, infections and hemophilia, yet trauma is the main cause of ankle arthrosis and is related to 70% of cases(1,4)
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