Study of the radioecological sensitivity of rice to radioactive contamination

Abstract

This study focused on the radioecology of rice and explored how the French specificities of rice cultivation can be taken into account in risk assessment. The objective of the study was to characterize the radioecological sensitivity of rice with respect to an accidental release of radioactivity. We want to know if a uniform and specific deposit would involve the same contamination on representative paddy fields of Camargue. To model the transfer of the radionuclides in the rice caryopsis following an accidental atmospheric pollution, we used the classical modelling for the cereals which considers first the interception by the foliage (modelled by an interception ratio) then the translocation to the grain (modelled by a translocation factor). The values of the parameters (interception ratio, translocation factor and yield) were regionalized with the agronomical software ORIZA2000, developed by the IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). We partly calibrated ORIZA2000 for a French rice variety: Ariete, thanks to physiological data provided for International Cooperation Centre in Agronomical Research for Development (CIRAD). ORIZA2000 proposes a daily follow-up of the leaf area index which can be correlated with the interception ratio. Five simulations with various climates, irrigation managements, and technical uses have been inputted on ORIZA2000. The data inputted were extracted from the database AGROSYST from the French Institute for Agronomical Research (INRA) and from the CIRAD. We established two scenarios of contamination. The first one consisted in a single contamination of water. In this case, there is almost no difference between simulations. However, in each simulation (except for organic farming) it is relevant to notice that the fourth depletion of water leads to a significant variation of contamination. The second contamination scenario consisted in a double contamination of water and of air. In that case, technical practices are responsible of the highest source of variability of the grain contamination. The variability of the contamination is mainly due to the variability of the yield which has in the radioecological modelling a dilution effect. The rice produced by organic farming is more sensitive than the rice produced by conventional farming because of low yields.