Abstract
Background and aimApproximately, 2 million tonnes of pesticides are utilized annually worldwide. Phosalone (Pln), an organophosphorus pesticide, acts as an insecticide and acaricide to control pests of crops such as nuts, citrus fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, grapes, potatoes, and artichokes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects following exposure to Pln in the cells derived from mouse red bone marrow.Materials and methodsSixty mice were divided into 6 groups including cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg, IP) and Pln (6, 12, 20, and 40 mg/kg) exposure by gavage. After 1 and 5 days of exposure, animals were euthanized and the genotoxicity assays were done on bone marrow extracted cells.ResultsComet assay shows a time and dose-dependent toxicity which further DNA degradation is observed after 5-day exposure (p < 0.05). Also, Pln significantly increased the MnPCE/PCE ratio after 12 and 20 mg/kg administration while no significant difference was reported between the doses of 6 and 40 mg/kg BW with the negative control group.ConclusionOur results suggested a serious concern about its potential effects on biological life and related disease inductions. However further studies need to confirm the exact mechanism of Pln genotoxicity and the cause of diverse response of its activity at 40 mg/kg. This study also showed that increasing the dose of Pln reduces the MnNCE/Total cells ratio, which may indicate the possibility of bone marrow suppression. All of the above results emphasize the need to seriously limit the use of this compound as an agricultural pesticide.
Highlights
Today, human beings are dealing with a wide range of diseases, including cancer, various autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, etc., which their prevalence rate is increasing day by day [1,2,3,4]
This study showed that increasing the dose of Pln reduces the MnNCE/Total cells ratio, which may indicate the possibility of bone marrow suppression
Comet assay To evaluate the genotoxicity of Pln, the extent of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in lymphocytes of all groups tested by the Comet assay was compared at 24 h after the first dose of Pln gavage and after 5 consecutive days
Summary
Human beings are dealing with a wide range of diseases, including cancer, various autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, etc., which their prevalence rate is increasing day by day [1,2,3,4]. One of the special applications of chemical compounds is their use as a pesticide in agriculture. Agricultural pesticides are substances in liquid, solid or gaseous forms applied to control the pests. Some of these pests, including insects, weeds and microbes, destroy the crops; the use of agricultural pesticides is Khodabandeh et al Genes and Environment (2021) 43:18 necessary to increase harvest efficiency and product quality[8]. Phosalone (Pln), an organophosphorus pesticide, acts as an insecticide and acaricide to control pests of crops such as nuts, citrus fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, grapes, potatoes, and artichokes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects following exposure to Pln in the cells derived from mouse red bone marrow
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