Study of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus in Garhwal Region, India

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous commensal bacterium on human skins and anterior nares, but frequently causes severe infections in humans. It is commonest cause of infection in hospitals and is most liable to infect newborn babies, surgical patients, old and malnourished persons and patients with diabetes and other chronic diseases .Aim of this paper is to study the prevalence and detection of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus at the Garhwal Region, India. Samples are collected from Veer Chandra Singh Government medical science and research institute HNB Base Hospital Srinagar Garhwal. Data obtained about the study subjects included basic demographics, reasons for admission, medical history(underlying diseases) , medication history, site of infection, culture site, social history and isolate characterization (e. g. antimicrobial susceptibility pattern results). P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.During the two years period, 300 patients with clinical presentation of septicemia admitted in different units, namely Medicine, Nursery, Pediatrics, ICU, Orthopedic, Dialysis and Surgery, 309 of them were positive for S. aureus. The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 15.3% and the prevalence in the type of samples cultured were: blood (0.3%), followed by body fluids (12.4%), ear swabs (0.8%), FNAC (4.2%), PEDIA (3.5%), pleural fluid (4%), pus (0.8), pus aspirate (0.8), semen (28), sputum (0.8), urine (45.2%), vag (0.8%) and wound (2%). The sensitivity rates of the various antibiotics are as follows: ampicillin (16%), amoxicillin (39%), amikacin (86.3%), chiloroamhenicol (78.6%), cotrimoxazole (49.6%), cephoxitin/oxac (18.3%), ciprofloxacin (52.6%), eryhromycin (55.3%), gentamicin (70.6%), penicillin (5.3%), clindamycin (56.3%), rifampicin (38.4%), linezolid (41%), teicoplanin (46.3%) and vancomycin (48.6%). A total of 146 samples showed multi-resistance to antimicrobial antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus isolates in this study showed higher multi-drug resistance patterns to several antimicrobials and thus further studies should be conducted in the hospital.