Study of the petrology of the shale rock from the Parana basin

Thiago Lynyker Da Silva Bernardes,Rafael H L Garcia,Margarida Mizue Hamada,Rafael Aquino Amadeu,Carlos Henrique Mesquita,Rodrigo Sousa Santos,Alexandre França Velo,Francisco Assis Cavallaro

doi:10.15392/bjrs.v9i1a.1467

Thiago Lynyker Da Silva Bernardes, Rafael H L Garcia + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v9i1a.1467

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Abstract

In the present work, the characteristics of the shale rock, collected in the surrounds of Limeira, in the interior of São Paulo, were studied. Shales are mostly fine granules, susceptible to the mineralogical rearrangement, and their chemical composition is quite varied due to the geomorphology and the tectonism undergone by the sedimentary basins. They are impermeable structures, formed by the consolidation of layered clay with thin laminations. Because of these characteristics presented, together with the decline of petroleum production, a growing interest in a better understanding and knowledge of the physical-chemical properties of the shale rocks inner is observed. In this work, the gamma-ray computed industrial tomography technique was established to be used in the characterization of the shale samples. The results were validated using those obtained by conventional methodologies, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction. Several characteristics have been studied, such as the analysis of the particle morphology, the contrasts and distributions of these particles in the internal structure of the rock, identification of the types of elements present (quantitative analysis), as well as establishing the proportion of each element present in the mineral through its crystalline structure, with images of the rock internal structure.

Highlights

In the current world scenario, there is a growing demand for energy resources, due to the accelerated development of technology and means of production
Using the dispersive energy spectroscopy tool, with the image shown in Figure 6, it was possible to identify, in the sample, the presence of silicon elements in greater quantity and calcium and magnesium elements, corroborating the results found by the techniques of X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction
It was possible to conclude that the main components of the shale sample analyzed are silica (Si), one of the most abundant chemical elements in the crust, presenting very high diffraction peaks, followed by other elements such as iron, magnesium, and calcium, but in smaller amounts

Summary

Introduction

In the current world scenario, there is a growing demand for energy resources, due to the accelerated development of technology and means of production. One of the main raw materials that drive this cycle is oil, but in a few years, the conventional resources for its production will no longer be able to correspond to that increase For this reason, the study and exploration of non-conventional resources become necessary. Brazil is classified by the IEA (International Energy Agency) as the 10th shale gas reserve in the world, with about 245 trillion cubic feet of recoverable shale gas resources, behind countries such as China, the United States, and Argentina [2]. These rocks are formed by the consolidation of silt, mud, or clay, presenting a very thin granulometry. The study and the exploitation of the shale reservoirs are of great economic interest in the countries

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