Abstract
In this work, a study of the particulate matter emitted from standard residual oil combustion and from natural gas reburning during oil combustion in a pilot scale furnace was carried out. The sizes, morphologies and chemical element distribution of particles were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy coupled to an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The microscopy results show three sorts of particles: spherical, very compact and smooth cenospheres with sizes of 0.6-1.5 mm; cenospheres with a few pores with sizes of 10-20 mm and larger porous cenospheres with sizes of 20-50 mm. The particulate emitted from standard oil combustion shows predominantly spherical and very compact small cenospheres, with a smooth surface, while those emitted from the reburning process present a majority of larger porous cenospheres. The EDS microanalysis showed mainly Al and Si in the smaller cenospheres and mostly S and V in the cenospheres with a few pores and in the larger porous cenospheres.
Highlights
Heavy fuel oils have been applied widely throughout the whole world to generate energy
It well known that the cenospheres represent ca. 95% of the mass of the particulate matter emitted from residual oil combustion.[2]
Particulates emitted from standard heavy fuel oil combustion at ca. 1 MW power with 2% O2 excess in the flue gases (O1 = 1.10) and from the reburning process applied to this oil combustion with 12.5% of power replaced by natural gas (O1 = 1.10 and O2 = 0.80) in a subsequent region (2.8 m from oil combustion), were sampled
Summary
Heavy fuel oils have been applied widely throughout the whole world to generate energy (as heat in internal combustion engines, boilers and industrial furnaces). Natural gas reburning applied to heavy oil combustion is an efficient technology recognized for NOx emission reduction.[17,18,19] In the reburning process, part of the power produced by oil combustion is replaced by injection of reburning fuel (usually natural gas) in a subsequent region, creating a slightly fuel-rich so-called reburning zone. In this reaction zone, the CHx radicals produced react with NOx, forming other nitrogen species, which are oxidized in the burnout zone with excess of air.[19,20]. The inorganic elements present in the particulates were identified and mapped through Xray energy dispersive microanalysis
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