Abstract
BackgroundA role for the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported in various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis (AS), nephropathy, rheumatism, and others, although limited information is available concerning the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated these inflammatory components in patients with T2DM complicated with carotid atherosclerosis (T2DM + CAS).MethodsA total of 107 inpatients or outpatients were included,including 81 T2DM + CAS patients and 26 T2DM patients. Patients with T2DM or T2DM + CAS were recruited to compare the expression levels of NLRP3 pathway genes (NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 mRNA) and the serum IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations. In the T2DM + CAS group, patients with thickened intima media thickness (IMT) and those with plaques were compared, and the correlation of the 5 variables with Crouse scores were analyzed.ResultsThe expression of NLRP3 pathway genes except caspase-1 was significantly higher in patients with T2DM and CAS compared to T2DM patients. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations shows no difference between the T2DM + CAS and T2DM group. In the T2DM + CAS group, the expression levels of the three inflammasome genes and IL-18 were increased in patients with thickened IMT compared to those with the plaque. All of the above factors negatively correlated with Crouse scores.ConclusionNLRP3 inflammasome pathway activity is significantly increased in patients with AS and T2DM at the early stage of plaque formation.
Highlights
A role for the Nucleotide-binding domain (NLRP3) inflammasome has been reported in various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis (AS), nephropathy, rheumatism, and others, limited information is available concerning the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS)
The ages of T2DM + CAS groups were higher than T2DM group (p < 0.05); there is no report indicating that age influences the expression of NLRP3 pathway genes and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18
No significant differences were observed in the sex ratio, drinking, smoking, hypertension incidence or fasting blood glucose (FBG) between the intima media thickness (IMT) thicken and plaque group (p > 0.05)
Summary
A role for the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported in various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis (AS), nephropathy, rheumatism, and others, limited information is available concerning the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). This cross-sectional study investigated these inflammatory components in patients with T2DM complicated with carotid atherosclerosis (T2DM + CAS). Inhibition of caspase-1 and IL-1β receptors can augment insulin sensitivity and ameliorate the secretory function of β cells [12]
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