Abstract
While it is known that the brain perceives color and motion asynchronously, the specific locations in which the brain binds signals remain unknown. This study distinguishes subjective perception of the capability to bind features and the objective accuracy in feature binding. The stimuli were the same for individual subjects, consisting of random dots (red and green, or yellow and blue) moving either vertically or horizontally. Subjects responded to questions regarding the color or the direction of motion of the dots (objective judgment) and rated their capability in performing the task (subjective judgment). The imaging results of contrasting subjective judgment showed that the activation of the anterior rostral cingulate cortex (rACC) and inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area [BA] 45/47) during incapable-of-binding responses, compared with the capable-of-binding responses. It is suggested that the rACC is for uncertainty of subjective judgment and BA 45/47 is for the increased burden on working memory. In contrast, there was no imaging results of contrasting the correct and incorrect responses (i.e., objective judgment), and neither was there for the interaction between subjective and objective judgment. The results of conservative conjunction analysis indicated common and shared brain areas for the 2 distinctive binding situations (the correct and capable-of-binding vs the incorrect and incapable-of-binding), including increased activity in the intraparietal lobe (IPL) and the junction areas of the posterior rostral ACC (dACC) and the prefrontal areas, but decreased activity in the medial portion of the IPL, suggesting that feature binding requires maintaining attention. These results clearly isolated subjective judgment from objective judgment and support the view that maintaining attention is involved in feature binding of color and motion.
Highlights
In the realm of visual perception, the features of color and motion are processed in separate locations in the cortex [1,2], but are perceived asynchronously [3], with the conscious perception of color preceding that of motion by 80 to 100 ms
It is worth noting that there were no significant differences for the comparison of objective judgment, (i.e., (Cell A + Cell B) vs (Cell C + Cell D)), and there were no significant differences for the comparison of interaction between subjective and objective judgment
This study examined the mechanism underlying the binding of color and motion by performing conjunction analysis and comparing subjective and objective judgment using the same stimuli to exclude the possibility of stimulus attributions to imaging results
Summary
In the realm of visual perception, the features of color and motion are processed in separate locations in the cortex [1,2], but are perceived asynchronously [3], with the conscious perception of color preceding that of motion by 80 to 100 ms This segregation naturally leads to consideration of the so-called “feature binding problem”, that is, determination of how perceptions of color and motion are subsequently recombined to provide a holistic representation of an object within a perceptual domain in which all attributes appear integrated. The use of constant stimuli allows the results to be attributed to the functioning of cortical mechanisms rather than to exposure to external stimuli.
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