Abstract
In the present paper, results of X-ray photoelectron studies of electroceramic thin films of barium strontium titanate, Ba1−xSrxTiO3 (BST), composition deposited on stainless-steel substrates are presented. The thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method. A spin-coating deposition of BST layers with different chemical compositions was utilized so the layer-type structure of (0-2) connectivity was formed. After the deposition, the thin-film samples were heated in air atmosphere at temperature T = 700 °C for 1 h. The surfaces of BST thin films subjected to thermal treatment were studied by X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the perovskite-type phase for all grown thin-film samples. The oxidation states of the elements were examined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra as well as high-resolution spectra (photo-peaks) of the main metallic elements, such as Ti, Ba, and Sr, were compared for the layer-type structures, differing in the deposition sequence of the barium strontium titanate layers constituting the BST thin film.
Highlights
It is commonly known [1] that strontium titanate (SrTiO3 ) and barium titanate (BaTiO3 )are known to form a solid solution (Ba1−x Srx TiO3 —BST) over their entire solubility range.Barium strontium titanate adopts the perovskite-type (ABO3 ) structure
X-ray diffraction patterns of the BST ceramic thin films deposited by the sol-gel method on stainless-steel substrates and fired at T = 700 ◦ C for 1 h stainless-steel substrate (Figure 1a,c, dotted line)
Sr mole fraction were used for abbreviation) and “downgraded” (x = 3-4-5) BST thin films, respectively
Summary
Barium strontium titanate adopts the perovskite-type (ABO3 ) structure. For the ABO3 -type structure, the A2+ ions are positioned at the elementary unit cell corners. The Ti4+ ions lie at the center of the unit cell and they are enclosed by a regular octahedron of O2− ions Such TiO6 octahedra are the origin of many significant physical properties of perovskites, such as, e.g., the ferroelectric response to external fields. This is due to the electron configuration of Ti cations, which themselves are modified by six oxygen anions surrounding the titanium. For a discussion of the chemical and physical properties of perovskites, it is convenient to think of the structure as built-up from an array of corner-sharing TiO6 octahedra [2]. BST thin film is well-described by a cubic symmetry with Value
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