Abstract
Modifications in texture and surface chemistry are commonly used to increase the biologic response to implants. We evaluated the influence of five different acid etching treatments on the chemical and topographical superficial characteristics of cpTi grade IV discs (test groups). One group of samples were only polished (control group). The samples were analyzed by electron microscopy (SEM, EDS), atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence XRD. The acid etching treatments which produced higher values for the amplitude roughness parameters showed a combination of strong acids (HF and HCl/H2SO4) at high concentrations, with a relatively high temperature (≥ 60 °C) for a considerable time (≥ 60 min). Titanium and oxygen were the only elements detected by EDS on the surface in all groups, whereas titanium hydride was detected when the samples were analyzed by GIXRD. Only the group subjected to thermal treatment showed presence of rutile phase on the surface.
Highlights
Alterations in endosseous dental implant design have been revisited extensively to decrease treatment time frames by reducing the healing period for osseointegration establishment
EDS analysis of the surfaces showed titanium and oxygen to be the only elements in all groups, with a similar average % atomic concentration of 60% and 40% (± 5%), respectively
EDS analysis of the surfaces showed titanium and oxygen to be the only elements in all groups, most probably due to the natural formation of a titanium oxide passivation layer just after sample surface preparation
Summary
Alterations in endosseous dental implant design have been revisited extensively to decrease treatment time frames by reducing the healing period for osseointegration establishment. Only surface characteristics were shown to have a significant effect on bone integration of an implant. Because the implant surface is the first component to interact with the host, several surface modifications have been extensively investigated in the search for improved bone healing that would allow immediate or early loading of dental implants[2]. Alterations in surface texture and chemistry are modifications used commonly to increase the biological response to implants. The beneficial effect of rough implant surfaces on periimplant bone formation is considered to be based on the changes in microtopography and subsequent alterations of surface energy that result in increased interaction with the adjacent biological environment by adsorption of proteins and blood components which in turn can enhance cell attachment and implant integration[3]
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