Study of the fire and thermal behaviour of façade panels made of natural fibre-reinforced cement-based composites

Abstract

The thermal and fire behaviour of calcium aluminate cement-based composites with a variable metakaolin content (from 0 to 40 wt% addition) reinforced with nonwoven flax fabrics has been examined. The fire behaviour was assessed using epiradiator and small-scale fire testing. The composites did not emit smoke or generate flames, nor did they produce spalling. Their integrity was maintained above 1000 °C. Samples having a higher metakaolin content revealed a delay in the temperature of the unexposed surface until reaching 760 °C. The effect of exposure to high temperatures (250 °C, 450 °C, and 950 °C) on bending behaviour was examined. The fibres were found to maintain their reinforcing capacity up to 250 °C, while the matrix maintained its performance up to 450 °C. The addition of metakaolin reduced conductivity and diffusivity. The results of the thermal and fire behaviour of the tested composites indicated that they may be suitable for façade panels for outdoor applications.