Abstract
An article deals with the influence of the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) on the carcinogenesis of hepatic cells, as well as attention is given to the role of this factor in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. We monitored two groups of patients: in the treatment group, patients were administered cancer vaccine therapy and anti-relapse immune corrector Arecur® – a complex of exogenous peptides with anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and regenerating properties; in the reference group, patients were not administered immune corrector. The study showed that the cancer vaccine has a positive effect on the activity of T-cell immunity and interleukin-2 expression level. The result of the inclusion of anti-relapse immune corrector Arecur® in the patients’ management regimen was the reduction of TGF-β1 expression. The lower recurrence rate of HCC in the treatment group suggests that Arecur® may prevent possible recurrences and metastasis of HCC by limiting TGF-β1 expression. Future researches of anti-relapse immune correction regimens for patients with hepatic tumours may improve the therapeutic strategy and prevention of the disease progression in the long term. In addition, immune correction using exogenous peptides is likely capable of preventing the malignancy in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
Highlights
One of the major complications in patients with hepatic fibrosis is the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and its isoforms trigger signal cascade, which is closely related to hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis and subsequent progression to HCC
Before using the vaccine and initiation of treatment with Arecur®, the immunological parameters CD3, CD4, CD8, the IL-2 production and TGF-β1 expression were determined in patients
Summary
One of the major complications in patients with hepatic fibrosis is the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to HCC is essential in the development of novel pharmacological agents that serve either to prevent or mitigate the effects of this malignant neoplasm. Because of its role in these stages of disease progression, TGF-β, apparently, plays a unique role in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs in patients as a consequence of the long-existing liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse or metabolic disorder. In such liver diseases, TGF-β plays an important role in the
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