Abstract
Soybean is a valuable crop in many countries of the world. The world sowing area of soybeans is about 100 million hectares. It is grown in the main agricultural regions of 90 countries. To obtain a stable yield level, it is necessary to take into account the activity of arthropod organisms, both harmful and beneficial. The species composition of arthropods of soybean agro enosis in the central zone of Krasnodar Krai has been determined. 227 species of insects and 2 species of mites were identified, including 98 species of phytophages damaging soybeans and 129 species of entomophages. These insects are distributed in 9 orders, 51 families. The most dangerous phytophages of soybeans account for 9.3% of the total number of species. Cotton moth (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn), lima-bean pod borer (Etiella zinckenella Tr.) and common spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) are widescalephytophages. We assessed the biological efficacy of the ectoparasite Habrobracon hebetor Say against E. zinckenella, this approach does not provide for total destruction, but regulation of the number by restoring the natural mechanisms of regulation. Artificial breeding of the entomophage and its early introduction into soybean cenosis allows us to effectively control the number of E. zinckenella. We described the prospects of using entomohages in green farming technologies.
Highlights
By its natural and climatic conditions, the south of Russia is the most favorable place for soybean cultivation
As a result of the research we identified 227 species of insects and 2 species of mites, including 98 species of phytophages (43.2% of the total fauna) that damage soy and 129 species of entomophages (56.8% of the total fauna) on soybean crops
The study of the arthropods species composition in soybean agrocenosis made it possible to identify parasitic insects that feed on different stages of E. zinckenella reduce its abundance and harmfulness
Summary
By its natural and climatic conditions, the south of Russia is the most favorable place for soybean cultivation. The popularity of soybean as a crop is growing due to its high environmental friendliness. It is of great interest in the farm rotation in comparison with other crops, because, due to its ability to bind atmospheric nitrogen, soybean significantly contributes to the environment. There is no need to introduce synthetic nitrogen fertilizers for soybean, which, as a rule, can cause pollution of groundwater. If cereals are cultivated after soybeans, there is a yield increase and a reduction in nitrogen fertilizers amount
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