Abstract
Micelle/water mixed solutions of different surface active agents were studied for their effectiveness in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from various varieties of apples from west Azerbaijan province in Iran. The total content of polyphenolic compound in fruit extracts were determined using ferrous tartrate and Folin–Ciocalteu assays methods and chromatographic methods and compared with theme. High performance liquid chromatography is one of the most common and important methods in biochemical compound identification. The effect of pH, ionic strength, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, extraction time and common organic solvent in the apple polyphenolics extractions was studied using HPLC-DAD. Mixtures of surfactants, water and methanol at various ratios were examined and micellar-water solutions of Brij surfactant showed the highest polyphenol extraction efficiency. Optimum conditions for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from apple occurred at 7 mM Brij35, pH 3. Effect of ionic strength on extraction was determined and 2% (W/V) potassium Chloride was determined to be the optimum salt concentration. The procedure worked well with an ultrasound bath. Total antioxidant capacity also was determined in this study. The method can be safely scaled up for pharmaceutical applications.
Highlights
Antioxidants are reducing agents that may protect living cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1]
For the first time, we report on the application of surfactants in separation, extraction and determination of polyphenols from apple fruit
The Effect of Various Extracting Solvents Due to the extensive range of structural properties of various polyphenolic compounds, extraction of these compounds has been a challenge for research scientists
Summary
Antioxidants are reducing agents that may protect living cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1]. The hydroxyl radical is unstable and will react rapidly and non- with most biological molecules due to chain reactions induced by radicals [5,6] This species is produced from hydrogen peroxide in metal-catalyzed redox reactions such as the Fenton reaction and increase reactive radical population in the living cells. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell [7,8] Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. Water-soluble antioxidants react with oxidants in the cell cytosol and the blood plasma, while lipidsoluble antioxidants protect cell membranes from lipid peroxidation These compounds may be synthesized in the body or obtained from the diet. Extraction of these compounds from plant and fruit materials makes great interest in pharmaceutical researches and applications of plant polyphenols [9,10]
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