Abstract
The in vivo study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of these three types of the extracts on the AM-3 (Murine mammary adenocarcinoma). The LD50 was (5 g/kg, 6 g/kg and 8 g/kg) for ethanolic, hot aqueous and cold aqueous extracts respectively. The therapeutic doses of extracts were daily injected subcutaneously for two weeks, three weeks and four weeks. The histopathological study revealed pathological changes in some organs; the group that treated with ethanolic extract showed sever deposition of amyloid in some organs like spleen. The blood vessel filled with inflammatory cells as neutrophiles and cells infiltration in the lung tissue. Hot and cold aqueous extracts showed inflammatory mononuclear cells infiltration in the kidney and lung, section with necrosis in most of the cancer cells in the lung tissue; with few necrotic changes in the normal tissue were noticed after one month of treatment by hot and cold aqueous extracts.
Highlights
Recent developments of modern techniques of targeted tumour cell elimination (1) include immunotherapy, which called biological therapy, that uses the body's own immune system to fight cancer (2), and genetherapy, as a new trials to treat cancer (1`)
The mixture was filtered by using filter paper (Wattman No.1). 3- The supernatant was evaporated to dryness (45°C) under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. 4- The weight of crude extract resulted from that amount of powdered plant was measured. 5- The crude extract was kept at -20 C until the time of use. b) Cold aqueous extract
The cold aqueous extract of Sonchus oleraceus was prepared in the same manner as that of the ethanolic extract except using of distilled water instead of 70% ethanolic alcohol, and the aqueous extract left at room temperature to remove any water stay. c) Hot aqueous extract
Summary
Recent developments of modern techniques of targeted tumour cell elimination (1) include immunotherapy, which called biological therapy, that uses the body's own immune system to fight cancer (2), and genetherapy, as a new trials to treat cancer (1`). Introduced drugs have been obtained from wild plants such as taxol from the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, Catharanthus roseus or Vinca rosea (Periwinkle) (4). Another prominent molecule includes Podophyllotoxin; as synthetic modification, known to be effective for small cell cancers. Detailed information on antioxidative activities of the S. oleraceus was not sufficiently available. The antioxidant activities of S. oleraceus , including the free radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and flavonoid content. Extracts of Sonchus oleraceus aim to study the effect of extracts of Sonchus oleraceus on the growth of transplanting tumor in mice in vivo
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