Study of the dependence of the formation of welding aerosol in electric arc welding using electrodes with basic, ruthyl and ruthyl-cellulose coating

Abstract

Problem statement. Electric arc welding is characterized by a significant number of harmful and hazardous production factors that lead to the development of occupational diseases of the welder, therefore the most important task of any production is the creation of safe working conditions. The safety of welding works entirely depends on the level of professional skill, knowledge and skills of their performance by the welder. The purposeof the article is to study the operating modes of an electric welding machine and determine the least dangerous of them from the point of view of the emission of welding aerosol, depending on the current and time of the welding process for three main groups of electrodes used in welding technologies. Conclusions. The analysis of the research results at the welding site when using electrodes with various types of coating provides in article. The harmful factors arising from the use of various types of welding technologies are analyzed. Changes in the concentration of welding aerosol, which are formed during manual electric arc welding and the use of electrodes with the main type of coating, rutile and rutile-cellulose, have been investigated. The mathematical dependences of the processes of formation of welding aerosol (SA) were determined using a full factorial experiment of the FFE-22 type. The studies were carried out in the welding laboratory of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" at the welder's workplace where ventilation is installed in the form of an umbrella in which there are 8 holes in the form of an equilateral triangle, with a side size of 5 × 20 × 20. The nature of the propagation of welding aerosol, which can cause diseases of welders, has been established. The modes of operation of the electric welding machine are analyzed and the least dangerous of them are determined depending on the current and time of the welding process for three main groups of electrodes that used in welding technologies. The dependence of the concentration of the welding aerosol on time was studied when using electrodes with the main type of coating when using ventilation, without ventilation and simultaneously with ventilation and the vacuum cleaner. The necessity of choosing electrodes with a smaller amount of welding aerosol emissions into the air of the working area is considered. Evaluation of the efficiency of exhaust ventilation at the welding site and at the same time the use of exhaust ventilation with a dust collector was carried out, and it was concluded that the use of only exhaust ventilation cannot provide an acceptable level of contamination in the air of workplaces and indoors.