Abstract
The article represents the results of researches for division into districts of the territory of Russia and Europe by efficiency of using for the heat supply of buildings of low-potential thermal energy of ground and free air and their combination. While modeling of the heat regime of geothermal HPS in climatic conditions of different regions of the territory of Russia, the influence has been taken into account of the long-term extraction of geothermal heat energy on the ground heat regime as well as the influence of phase transitions of pore moisture in ground on the efficiency of operation of geothermal heat-pump heat-supply systems. While realization of the division into districts, the sinking of temperatures of ground massive was been taken into account which has been called by long-term extraction of the heat energy from the ground, and as calculation parameters of the heat energy from the ground, and as calculation parameters of ground massive temperatures, the ground temperatures were used which are waited for the 5-th year of operation of geothermal HPS.
Highlights
The climatic characteristics of countries of the Central and North Europe which together with USA and Canada are the main regions of using of low-potential heat energy of the earth determine mainly the need for heating; the air cooling even in the summer period requires relatively rarely in contrast to USA, the heat pumps in European countries operate mainly in the heating regime
While realization of the division into districts, the sinking of temperatures of ground massive was been taken into account which has been called by long-term extraction of the heat energy from the ground, and as calculation parameters of the heat energy from the ground, and as calculation parameters of ground massive temperatures, the ground temperatures were used which are waited for the 5-th year of operation of geothermal heat supply systems (HPS)
The USA the heat pumps are used more often in air heating systems combined with ventilation, what allows both to heat and to cool the outdoor air In European countries the heat pumps are usually used in water heating systems [1,5].In climatic conditions of the territory of Russia, one of the most perspective and everywhere accessible sources of lowpotential energy for heat-pump heat supply systems (HPS) is the ground of surface layers of the Earth
Summary
The climatic characteristics of countries of the Central and North Europe which together with USA and Canada are the main regions of using of low-potential heat energy of the earth determine mainly the need for heating; the air cooling even in the summer period requires relatively rarely in contrast to USA, the heat pumps in European countries operate mainly in the heating regime. It is known that the operation of the HPS, using the heat from the soil, usually associated with a decrease in the heating season temperature potential recoverable heat from the ground. In this case, for the systems of collection of low-potential ground heat energy using the effect of zero screen negative temperatures of heat energy of place transitions of pore mouisture in ground. At the same time during the heating period repeatedly observed temperature above the temperature of the extracted heat from the ground: the periods of thaw, transitional periods, the periods of the heating season, in which the temperature exceeds temperature recoverable heat from the ground.The works are known for extradition of the efficiency of application of HPS for the climatic conditions of Europe and USA [2,3]
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