Abstract
BackgroundHepatitis B can be defined as one of the dangerous diseases caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which infects the liver and causes liver failure, cirrhosis, and death.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and autoantibodies markers among HBV-infected patients in Babylon province, Iraq, compared to a healthy control group.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, all patients referred to GIT and liver centers in Merjan Medical City, Babylon, Iraq from January 2016 to January 2018 were screened for HBV infection by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Antinuclear antibody (ANA), dsDNA, D-dimer, and CRP markers were examined using fluorescence technique in randomly selected patients and some healthy individuals as control group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program.ResultsIn this study, 424 HBV patients from different areas of Babylon province, Iraq were enrolled. A total of 40 patients and 15 healthy participants were selected for evaluation of D-dimer, CRP, ANA, and dsDNA levels. The results of the distribution of HBV-infected patient by gender per area revealed that males accounted for a higher percentage than females in all parts of Babylon provinces. Also, a highly significant increase in serum levels was observed in the patients compared to the control subjects for all the studied parameters D-dimer, ANA, dsDNA, and CRP. Overall, 5.5% of HBV patients (3/40) had a positive ANA titer. None of the HBV patients had a positive dsDNA titer.ConclusionThis study showed that, HBV-infected patients had elevated levels of D-dimer and CRP compared to the control group. Also, the seropositivity titers of ANA and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were low in Iraqi HBV patients.
Highlights
Hepatitis can be defined as an inflammation of the liver, caused mainly by physical damage, alcohol, drugs, viral infections, toxins, and autoimmune reactions [1,2]
This study showed that, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients had elevated levels of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to the control group
Since no preliminary study has been conducted on the mentioned factors in patients with HBV in Babylon city, this study aimed to investigate the dsDNA, CRP, D-dimer, and Antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels in HBV- infected patients compared to a healthy control group from aforesaid city in Iraq
Summary
Hepatitis can be defined as an inflammation of the liver, caused mainly by physical damage, alcohol, drugs, viral infections, toxins, and autoimmune reactions [1,2]. Hepatitis B can be defined as one of the dangerous diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) that infects the liver and causes liver failure, cirrhosis (liver scarring), lifelong infections, liver cancer, and death. Specific treatment is not required for acute hepatitis B [3e5]. Approximately 257 million people are chronically infected with HBV and require treatment [6]. Because they must be followed for many months or years, such treatment can be expensive. Treatment of the chronic hepatitis B requires. Hepatitis B can be defined as one of the dangerous diseases caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which infects the liver and causes liver failure, cirrhosis, and death
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