Abstract
Various two-step extraction procedures with and without application of ultrasound in the first extraction step were used to isolate the xylan component of corn cobs in polymeric form. The obtained immunogenic water-soluble (ws-X) and the biologically inactive water-insoluble (wis-X) xylan fractions were characterised by yield, composition, structural and molecular properties. The yield of ws-X was strongly affected by the alkali concentration and extraction temperature, particularly in the ultrasound-assisted procedures. The results indicate a higher efficiency of the ultrasonic extraction procedures expressed in the shortening of extraction time, and lowering of the alkali concentration and extraction temperature. In contrast to the molecular properties, there were no significant differences between the sugar composition and main structural features of the ws-X fractions obtained by extraction in 5% NaOH with and without application of ultrasound. At similar levels of yield, the biological activity of the ultrasonically extracted ws-X preparations was higher.
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