Study of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing caesarean section (CS): A retrospective study

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Background: Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most commonly performed surgery in modern obstetrics. Due to this the worldwide continuous rise in the incidence of cesarean sections, the number of women with postpartum infection is expected to increase. Postpartum infections are a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and increase burden to our health care system. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factor for the of Surgical site infections (SSI).Methods: A Retrospective analytical study was conducted at Smt. Kashibai Navale medical college and general hospital, Pune. 1269 Patients undergoing LSCS from January 2017 to December 2017 were included after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study.Results: Out of 1269 LSCS patient, 56(4.4%) of them had SSI, which represents the incidence rate of SSI post LSCS in our study. Anemia and previous caesarean were important risk factor for SSI in our study. Prolonged surgery was found to be statistically significant etiological factor in the study. MRSA (37.5%) was the commonest pathogen to produce SSI in our series, followed by sterile culture in 21% cases.Conclusion: Surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean delivery was noted in 4.4% patients and it is a major cause of burden of disease both for the patients and the healthcare system in terms of the morbidity, and economic costs. Multidisciplinary team approach has proven effective for decreasing the incidence to minimal level. Reduction in incidence of SSI may be achieved by use of peri operative antibiotics, correction of anemia, use of proper surgical techniques and minimizing the duration of surgery.Pre-operative and post LSCS antibiotic policy should depend on types of bacteria isolated by culture and there resistance mechanism. This may effectively contribute in decreasing SSI after LSCS.