Study of sugar, Carotenoid, Antioxidant, Mineral and Biomass Content of Mango, Water Apple, and Banana

Abstract

Mango, water apple, and banana fruits are the staple fruit crops in Asia, Europe, America, and also all over the world. Fruits are mainly used as fruit, juice, and a source of different food products. These are traditional and common fruits with health benefits and nutritional, pharmaceutical, and medicinal value. The study evaluated the carbohydrate content represented by glucose, fructose, total soluble solids, carotenoids, flavonoids, antioxidants, and phenolics. pH and minerals are micro-macro nutrient content in mango, water apple, and banana. 48 fruits were collected: mango, water apple, and banana. Samples were collected randomly following the completely randomized design. An atomic emission (AE) spectroscopic multi-element analyzer was used for minerals, and GC-FID was used for sugar analysis. Fruit fructose and glucose were higher in bananas and mangoes than in water apples. pH content was found higher in apples than in mango and banana. In addition, total soluble solids (TSS) content was the highest in mango. Potassium content was higher in bananas and mangoes than in mangoes. However, Phosphorus and calcium content were the highest in bananas. Moreover, magnesium (Mg) content was higher in water apples than in bananas and mango. Comparatively, more micronutrients were found in bananas and water apples than in mangoes. Fe, Zn, Na, and Mn were higher in water apples and mangoes than in bananas. The highest fiber and moisture were found in bananas. Flavonoids and carotenoids were found higher in water apples than in other fruits. Antioxidant and phenolic content were higher in mangos compared to the others. The results conclude that banana and water apples contain better biochemical (glucose, TSS, and pH) content than mango, and bioactive compound (flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoids) was found higher in mangos and water apples, which can be used in the pharmaceutical industry for biomedicine production.