Abstract
Wetlands are one of the most important natural resources on Earth. Marshes are important wintering and resting area for migratory water birds and other migratory birds. Historical data on bird migration in the Marshes suggest that they were one of the largest wintering areas for migratory water birds in the Middle East. The Iraqi marshlands lies in the floodplain which is created by the Tigris-Euphrates river system in the lower part Mesopotamia basin. The existence of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone in the troposphere makes surface of our planet habitable. The greenhouse gases absorb thermal radiation and also emit these wavelengths, making the mean surface temperature of the earth higher, and contribute to global warming. Human activities produce large amounts of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, ozone and others. Methane is produced by the decomposition of plants in wetlands. Geostatistical interpolation methods are adopted in this paper. We use the analyst in ArcGIS to apply cross-validation. The cross-validation calculate some criteria to insure the accuracy of predictions made using the ordinary kriging method. Maps were created for methane over Iraq. Cross validation errors were calculated using ArcGIS. The produced maps assure that lower Mesopotamian basin have high concentration of Methane gas which make it as a wintering and resting area for migratory water birds.
Highlights
A greenhouse gas absorbs and emits thermal IR, and keeps the temperature of the atmosphere warmer
The variogram is used to measure the average of dissimilarity between our data value and the unsampled values
The value of the variogram given a separation distance of h is equal to half the average squared difference between the value at z (xi) and the value at z (xi + h): Where N (h) is the number of data pairs
Summary
A greenhouse gas absorbs and emits thermal IR, and keeps the temperature of the atmosphere warmer. Tropospheric and the temperatures of the earth surface increase until a balance is achieved between the outgoing thermal radiation and the incoming solar radiation. This what we call the greenhouse effect. When we change the gases in the Earth's atmosphere because of everyday living, this energy will not be able to exit from the atmosphere of the earth and is trapped in it as heat. The heat is causes a warming of the air gradually. This warming is what we call as the greenhouse effect. Many authors deal with this problem in the literature [7, 9]
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