Abstract
Different factors have been examined to be related with the prevalence of Girdiasis in the north of Baghdad in human beings which were (gender, age , occupation ,family size,faecal status and presence of domestic animals) during the period from the beginning of April 2009 till the end of March 2010. This study revealed that the total rate of infection in human being was 11.66% , and no significant differences (p?0.05) were noticed between male and female as their rates of infection were 52.32% and 47.68% respectively , as well as no significant relation was observed between faecal status and the rate of infection, the percentage of positive cases in diarrheal patients was higher than the non diarrheal patients who were 74.41 and 25.59 respectively ,while there was significant relation between the presence of domestic animals and prevalence of giardiasis (p?0.05) ,the infectivity rate reached to 23.25% in persons who had domestic animals in their household .Also high infection rate have been recorded among children less than 10 years old which was 51.16 % when it compared with other age groups, as well as preschool children and person belong to family composed of (5-9) individual were observed to be the majority groups that infected with Giardia which were 44.18% and 50% respectively, although there were no significant relation (p?0.05) between each of age, occupation and family size with infectivity rate of Gairdia.
Highlights
Giardia lamblia is a universal and well-known enteric flagellated Protozoa that is found in the intestines of mammalian hosts, including domestic, wild animals and humans [1, 2]
The prevalence of giardiasis was studied in two locations, in the north of Baghdad (AL-Shulaa and ALkhadimya), the results showed that the total infectivity rate of Giardiasis was 11.66% (86/737) Figure 1, this percentage was similar to the results of the studies that occurred in Al-Tamem and Arbil governorate the percentage was 11.45% and 10.9% respectively [18,19], while the result of the current study was higher than other study occurred in Baghdad [10] that recorded 3.78% and was lower than the results of (Atia,2009) [12] that got 48% in Wasit governorate, while the prevalence of Giardia in stool specimens submitted for ova and parasite examination has been reported to be 2%–5% in industrialized countries and 20%–30% in developing countries[20]
Another factor which affects the rate of giardiasis is the presence of asymptomatic patients in the community that can be considered as an important reservoir for spread of the infection [24], in this study the percentage of asymptomatic patients was 25.59% while in the majority of infected individuals the infection remains asymptomatic [20] .Figure 3 illustrated that there was no significant relation (p≤0.05) between the faecal status and the infectivity rate this may due to the method used in diagnosis, so more sensitive method must be conducted to detect some of the gastrointestinal protozoan parasites[25]
Summary
Giardia lamblia (synonyms: G.intestinalis, G.duodenalis) is a universal and well-known enteric flagellated Protozoa that is found in the intestines of mammalian hosts, including domestic, wild animals and humans [1, 2].
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