Abstract
BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a typical complex degenerative articular ailment that shows focal cartilage loss, new bone formation with involvement of entire joint tissues. Dkk-1 assumes a job in controlling the pattern of bone repair and regeneration in both OA and RA. This study aimed to determine serum and synovial fluid levels of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) in patients with primary OA of the knee joint and study their correlations with disease activity and severity. This study included 45 patients, 30 of them were diagnosed as primary knee OA. Fifteen rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as 15 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study as control groups, serum and synovial levels of Dkk-1 were estimated utilizing the ELISA technique.ResultsSerum levels of Dkk-1 were significantly higher in OA patients than healthy subjects (p < 0.001), although it was even significantly higher in RA patients than OA patients (p < 0.001). There was a highly significant decrease in the median synovial level of Dkk-1 in OA patients compared to the RA control group (p < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant inverse correlation between circulating as well as synovial fluid Dkk-1 levels and radiological disease grading in knee OA (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant decrease in serum levels of Dkk-1 in patients with severe OA (grade 3, 4) compared to those with mild OA (Grade 2) (p < 0.001).ConclusionDkk-1 is an interesting marker that is related to articular disease .It could play an important role in decelerating the degenerative process of OA and can reflects radiographic severity of the disease as well.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a typical complex degenerative articular ailment that shows focal cartilage loss, new bone formation with involvement of entire joint tissues
The study revealed a highly statistically significant inverse correlation between circulating as well as synovial fluid Dkk-1 levels and radiological disease grading in knee OA (r = − 0.599, p < 0.001) as well as with mean disease duration (r = − 0.40, p = − 0.029)
The study recommends further research to see if the Dkk-1 could have a therapeutic implication to support the cartilage in OA as well as in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a typical complex degenerative articular ailment that shows focal cartilage loss, new bone formation with involvement of entire joint tissues. This study aimed to determine serum and synovial fluid levels of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) in patients with primary OA of the knee joint and study their correlations with disease activity and severity. Several studies on the possible association between serum and synovial fluid levels of Dkk-1 with disease activity in knee OA have been postulated [5]. Dkk-1 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) which represent the key components of bone metabolism in normal joint bone, interact with Wnt signalling pathway, balancing between bone absorption and bone formation [6]. Families of both activators and inhibitors regulate the Wnt signalling pathway. It has been found to delay osteophytes formation and subchondral bone remodeling and is a potent negative modulator of osteoblast differentiation [8]
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