Abstract
Background & Objectives:
 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance or both. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme, that catalyses the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to uric acid. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the level of serum ADA, serum uric acid and correlate it with Blood Sugar Fasting and Glycated Hemoglobin in patients of Type 2 DM.
 Material and Methods: A total of 100 patients diagnosed for type 2 DM visiting the Outpatient Department of General Medicine and Endocrinology at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur were enrolled for the study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected for all enrolled patients and analysed for the investigations like Serum BSF, HbA1c Serum ADA and serum Uric acid.
 Results: In the study, all the parameters BSF, mean HbA1c, serum ADA and serum uric acid level were significantly higher in diabetic group in comparison to control group (p=0.000). The diabetic group were further subdivided on the basis of HbA1c levels, HbA1c ≤ 8% as good glycemic control and HbA1c > 8% as poor glycemic control. BSF, mean HbA1c, serum ADA and serum uric acid levels were observed to be significantly higher in poor glycemic control group as compared to that of good glycemic control. A significant positive correlation between S. ADA and HbA1c activity (r= 0.388) and between S. ADA and serum uric acid was also seen (r=0.252).
 Conclusion: From the present study, it is concluded that there is an increase in serum ADA levels and serum uric acid level with increase in Glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c > 8%). Increase in serum ADA level was found to be associated with increase in Glycated hemoglobin levels which may play an important role in determining the glycemic status in diabetes. Further, increase in serum uric acid in levels could be due to increased activity of ADA, an enzyme that convert adenosine to uric acid. Hence, by analysing ADA levels and uric acid level in diabetes, glycemic control and insulin resistance can be assessed.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disorder of multiple aetiologies, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from deficiency of insulin, deficiency in action of insulin or both.[1]
Increase in serum Adenosine deaminase (ADA) level was found to be associated with increase in Glycated hemoglobin levels which may play an important role in determining the glycemic status in diabetes
The present study reported a significant rise in serum ADA levels in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients as compared to healthy controls
Summary
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (type 2 DM) is a disorder of multiple aetiologies, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from deficiency of insulin, deficiency in action of insulin or both.[1]. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme presents in red cells and the vessel wall catalyses the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine and 2’deoxyadenosine to 2’-deoxyinosine Both inosine and 2’-deoxyinosine are converted to hypoxanthine, xanthine and to uric acid (UA). The present study was undertaken to evaluate the level of serum ADA, serum uric acid and correlate it with Blood Sugar Fasting and Glycated Hemoglobin in patients of Type 2 DM. Results: In the study, all the parameters BSF, mean HbA1c, serum ADA and serum uric acid level were significantly higher in diabetic group in comparison to control group (p=0.000). BSF, mean HbA1c, serum ADA and serum uric acid levels were observed to be significantly higher in poor glycemic control group as compared to that of good glycemic control.
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