Abstract

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. In DSM-IV, the diagnostic criteria of autism consisted of three domains: impairment in social interaction, communication deficits, and stereotypic behavior, while in DSM-5 they were condensed into two domains: social communication deficits and restricted patterns of behavior to which sensory processing deficits (SPD) were added, manifested by hypo- or hyper-reactivity to sensory stimuli or uncommon interests in sensory aspects of the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between SPD and the symptom triad in ASD namely social interaction, communication deficits, and stereotypic behavior. To our knowledge, this issue was not studied before in Egyptian literature.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between SPD (assessed by short sensory profile: SSP) and symptom triad in ASD. As regards social interaction, the ADI-R (A), there was significant negative correlation with the SSP total scores and all subscales except for low energy/weak and visual/auditory sensitivity, whereas under-responsive/seeks sensation held the highest negative correlation (p ˂ 0.008). As regards communication deficits, the ADI-R (B), there was significant negative correlation with the SSP total scores and the auditory filtering held the highest negative correlation (p ˂ 0.008), and as regards stereotypic behavior, the ADI-R (C), there was significant negative correlation with the SSP total scores and all subscales except for low energy/weak and visual/auditory sensitivity whereas taste/smell sensitivity and auditory filtering held the highest negative correlation (p ˂ 0.001). There was a high significant negative correlation between the severity of autistic symptoms (assessed by CARS) and the SSP total scores, and for all subscales (p ˂ 0.001) except for low energy/weak, the correlation was significant (not highly significant) (p ˂ 0.05). Finally, there was high percentage of parental consanguinity among the participants (80%).ConclusionsSPD negatively affected the ASD symptom triad which highlights the importance of sensory integration therapy (SIT) as a major core of ASD treatment alongside the other treatment modalities. Early ASD screening is mandatory in families with parental consanguinity.

Highlights

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders

  • In DSM-IV, the diagnostic criteria of autism was a triad of symptoms: social interaction impairment, communication deficits, and stereotypic behavior, while in DSM-5 they were condensed into two domains: the deficits in social communication and restricted patterns of behavior which included an added behavior of hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory stimuli or unusual attentiveness in sensory aspects of the environment [1]

  • ASD according to the diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 [10]

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Summary

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between SPD and the symptom triad in ASD namely social interaction, communication deficits, and stereotypic behavior. To our knowledge, this issue was not studied before in Egyptian literature. In the USA, prevalence of ASD (among children aged 8 years) has increased from one in 150 children during 2000–2002 to one in 68 during 2010– 2012, reaching 1 in 59 children in the 2014 survey [3]. Sensory hypo-responsiveness or hyper-responsiveness was considered in DSM-III as infantile autism-associated features [5], while DSM-III-R and DSM-IV did not include sensory abnormalities as definite diagnostic criteria [6, 7]

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