Study of samples of spring barley from the collection of the All-Russian institute of crop production for resistance to biotic stress

Abstract

Spring barley in Eastern Siberia occupies an important place among the main grain crops and is grown mainly for fodder purposes. Its grain can also be used in bakery, confectionery, pharmaceutical and other industries. In addition, barley is the main raw material for brewing. One of the reasons that have a significant impact on the formation of the yield and technological qualities of barley is the high susceptibility of the crop to phytopathogenic microflora, the strong development of which leads to their decrease. Barley is the most affected crop of the cereal group. The most common diseases are root rot, represented mainly by pathogens of the fusarium - helminthosporium complex. Fungi of the genus Bipolaris were identified in the forest-steppe zone, in the subtaiga zone - species of the genus Fusarium. Both are capable of infecting almost all underground and aboveground plant organs. According to the long-term data, root rot annually reduces grain yield by 20 - 23%. Samples of barley with resistance to damage by dark brown and striped barley spotting (7 points, reaction type - R) were identified; Heritage (USA), Condor, AC Albright (Canada), Malva (Latvia), Wash, Symphony (Ukraine), Viner (Kirov region), Pervocelinnik (Orenburg region), Vorsinsky 2 (Altai region) and Zauralsky 1 (Tyumen region).