Study of risk factors of abruption placenta in Al.wahda teaching hospital, Aden

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of abruption placenta in Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital in Aden Governorate, from 1st of November 2011to 30th of November 2012. A case control study was performed for 33 of abruption placenta cases with 165 control cases, conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital. Out of 6765 deliveries included in the study period, 33 (4.88%) were complicated by placental abruption. Most complications occurred were urgent and in need of massive blood transfusion. The most frequent complication were Postpartum hemorrhage (51.52%), cesarean section (42.43%), hemorrhagic shock (18.18%), hysterectomy (12.12%), renal failure (6.06%), pulmonary embolism (3.03%), and congestive cardiac failure (3.03%). There was one maternal mortality case in the period of study from abruption placenta. Women aged more than 35 were more likely for experiencing abruption placenta, while grand multipara ( > 5 children) were at higher risk for abruption placenta. Gestational age < 37 weeks increased the risk by eight folds. The risk of abruption placenta increased by six folds in hypertensive patients, as well as those with previous history of abruption and previous abortion. Poly hydramnios and abdominal trauma increased the risk of abruption placenta by two folds. he fetal outcomewas characterized by low body weight <2500 gram seen in 20 cases (60.6%), low APGAR score at 5th min<7 was seen in 4 cases (21.05%), and stillbirth rate in 14 cases (42.42%).