Study of Risk Factors in Patients of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases

Abstract

Number of risk factors has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, such as age, previous sexually transmitted infection, previous PID, multiple sexual partners, or an intrauterine contraceptive device. Women who use an intrauterine device for contraception are at least 2-4 times more likely to develop PID than non-users. Women who have had PID are twice as likely to develop the infection as those who have never had it. A history of a prior uncomplicated gonococcal infection is more common among women with PID than among women without disease. The present cross- sectional study was conducted in J.N. Medical College and Hospital (J.N.M.C.H.), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Permission for doing the study was taken by the Board of Studies in the Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The study was carried out for a period of one year, from 1st August 2001 to 31st July 2002. The present study was carried out among ever married females in the reproductive age group of 15 to 49 years. Women, who gave positive history of PID, were asked to give their consent for the study. Their refusal was taken as exclusion criteria. Females with PID who were menstruating or who had taken antibiotic within the previous month were also excluded from the study. A total of 350 ever married females were selected from the Gynaecology OPD of J.N. Medical College Hospital (n=170), Urban Health Training Centre (n=100) and Rural Health Training Centre (n=80).A detailed clinical history and clinical examination were recorded on a pre-formed and pre tested proforma. All the females under study were subjected to per vaginal examination. The percentage of those female was more who used any cloth during menstruation. Out of 350 patients, 7.4% ga ve history of T.B, 24% gave history of previous episodes of PID, 12.0% gave history of MTPs/D&Cs. 5.1% had adopted IUCDs as a method of family planning.1.71% cases gave history of removal of IUCDs because of some complications. 75.0% of 80 cases (who adopted family planning) used IUCDs, OCPs and ligation. IUCDs, OCPs, ligation and irregular use of condoms probably increase chances of PID.