Study of risk factors and prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, hypertension is responsible for 13% of all deaths worldwide, making it a critical public health problem in developing and developed countries. Economic development, affluence, urbanization, and dietary westernization have contributed to a rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension in South Asian countries. To study the prevalence of hypertension among adult type 2 diabetic patients and identify risk factors that may affect the development of hypertension in those patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2009 to May 2010 at the Department of Diabetology and Medicine Vinayaka Mission's Medical College & Hospital, Karaikal. 100 patients with Type 2 Diabetes of age 35 and above were screened and included in the study. Out of 100 patients with Diabetes Mellitus, 54 patients were hypertensive, and 46 were non-hypertensive. Hypertension was found to be more common in people aged 45 to 64.Our study reported that hypertension was present in 29% of males and 25% of females. Complications like neuropathy (9.3%) non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (46.51%); proliferative diabetic retinopathy (4.65%); hypertensive retinopathy (2.33%); nephropathy (2.33%); ulcer foot (4.65%); coronary artery disease (27.9%) and stroke (2.33%) were observed in Diabetic patients and were identified as an independent risk factor for hypertension. It was also found that 31.94% of study populations were in the pre-hypertensive stage and 22.22% were in the second stage of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in patients with DM is high. Duration of diabetes was also one of the contributing factors for hypertension in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It also concluded that the prevalence of hypertension increases with age advancement in DM.