Abstract
The focus of the present study is a small biogas power plant for anaerobic fermentation of several types of animal waste raw materials used for biogas production. The impact of some of the characteristics of substances such as composition, temperature, humidity, and pH of the mixture in the bioreactor has been considered. The above is vital for optimizing the fermentation process, and also to improve the biogas production process. The plant is located in Northeastern Bulgaria and the raw liquid manure is supplied by several neighboring small farms. The annual quantities of raw waste are as follows: cow manure - 1252 t / a; chicken manure - 427 t / a and pig manure - 639 t / a. The manure is collected in a preliminary tank and then pumped to the bioreactor. The fermenter itself is a hermetically sealed and thermally insulated tank where constant temperature is maintained. It is equipped with a stirring system, which helps the mixing and homogenization of the substrate. The tests were performed during three charges of the installation. The fermentation takes approximately 23 up to 25 days. The experiments were performed during the summer and autumn seasons when the ambient air temperature varies from 28 to 45 °C. The biogas can be used as an energy carried as the obtained organic fertilizer is suitable for agriculture purposes.
Highlights
Owners of small farms face the problem of manure utilization on yearly basis
Biomass after the fermentation process is suitable for fertilization and has much better performance than ordinary manure [8,9]
The fermenter itself is a hermetically sealed and thermally insulated tank where a constant temperature is maintained. It is equipped with a stirring system to help mix and homogenize the substrates both during loading and fermentation process
Summary
Owners of small farms face the problem of manure utilization on yearly basis. One way of efficient utilization is to combine several neighboring farms and use eco-technologies that allow the extraction of biogas from manure [1]. The main part of the biogas plant is the fermenters This is the place where the wellhomogenized fertilizer mass is heated to a temperature of 30 up to 58 °С. Biogas production requires maintaining the homogeneity and constant density of the substrate in the fermenters. Biomass after the fermentation process is suitable for fertilization and has much better performance than ordinary manure [8,9] Such plants are suitable for all types of farms (poultry farms, cow farms, sheep farms, pig farms, etc.). There is significant waste biomass from agriculture, which can be used for the production of biogas through fermentation plants. The work focuses on the experimental study of biogas production with animal and poultry manure from several neighboring farms with a small capacity of 70 cows, 6 500 chickens and 350 pigs
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