Abstract
In this study, the natural radionuclides in soil and sand have been measured by using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. While, radon exhalation rate has been measured by Alpha GUARD. The data analysis is performed to determine 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in addition to 222Rn exhalation rate. The values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), and absorbed dose rate were ranged from 46.46 to 124.16 Bq⋅kg−1, 0.07 to 0.33 Bq⋅kg−1, 0.09 to 0.42 Bq⋅kg−1, and 13.24 to 58.37 nGy⋅h−1 respectively in all samples. The area and mass exhalation rates were increased from 9.16 ± 2.83 to 16.18 ± 2.83 Bq⋅m−2⋅h−1 and 1.8 ± 1.34 to 11.35 ± 0.98 Bq⋅kg−1⋅h−1 respectively.
Highlights
In soil and sand, the natural radionuclides consist mainly of 232Th and 238U and isotopes with their daughter products in addition to 40K
The natural radionuclides in soil and sand have been measured by using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector
The activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th series, and 40K acquired from sand samples are ranged from 18.34 ± 4.24 Bq∙kg−1, 14.06 ± 3.66 Bq∙kg−1, 210.99 ± 14.467 Bq∙kg−1, respectively, and for soil samples vary from 15.916 ± 4.769 to 34.3073 ± 5.85 Bq∙kg−1, 12.9314 ± 3.59 to 40.244 ± 6.34 Bq∙kg−1 and 135.36 ± 11.63 to 528.144 ± 22.98 Bq∙kg−1, respectively
Summary
The natural radionuclides consist mainly of 232Th and 238U and isotopes with their daughter products in addition to 40K. The reason for current interest is due to the fact that external radiation exposures from naturally occurring radionuclides materials (NORM) contribute, on average, of about 10% of the average annual dose to the human body from all radiation sources. It has been observed that naturally occurring radionuclides are present in soil [7] [8] [9] and sand which constitute a lived-in radioactive environment. We used The HPGe detector N-type for determining the activity levels of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil and sand samples collected from Tiba area. It is well known that radon exhalation of soil samples is higher than sand samples because of the presence of relatively high uranium content in its natural formation [10]. The formatter will need to create these components, incorporating the applicable criteria that follow
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