Abstract
In this work, we present a detailed experimental study of pulse formation mechanism in an EDFL, hybridly mode-locked by use of a CVD monolayer graphene onto a D-shaped optical fiber and nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR), under a large intracavity dispersion influence (up to 100 times) ranging from 12.3 to 1382 m cavity lengths. Analyzing the spectral evolution, temporal and soliton behaviors of the pulse, our results revealed the presence of four laser operating regimes with non-soliton and soliton formation from short to ultralong cavity lengths, all related to graphene/NPR nonlinearities, dispersion and soliton propagation influences.
Highlights
Mode-locked fiber laser has been one of the efficient technologies for many optical applications, such as communication for optical frequency comb generator and wavelength converter, chemical, physical, and biological procedures, due to their ultrashort pulse generation capacity [1]–[3]
We present an experimental study of pulse formation and propagation in a short, long and ultralong mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) hybridly mode-locked by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) monolayer graphene onto D-shaped optical fiber and nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) mechanisms
We presented a detailed experimental study of soliton and non-soliton pulse behavior at short, long, and ultralong mode-locked EDFL cavities based on CVD monolayer graphene onto D-shaped optical fiber and nonlinear polarization rotation hybrid mechanism
Summary
Mode-locked fiber laser has been one of the efficient technologies for many optical applications, such as communication for optical frequency comb generator and wavelength converter, chemical, physical, and biological procedures, due to their ultrashort pulse generation capacity [1]–[3]. Few passively hybrid mode-locked fiber lasers have been most reported incorporating nanomaterials SA [40]–[45] By using such mechanisms, mode-locked EDFLs have been widely demonstrated and studied at different ranges of cavity lengths, extended for ultralong range for sensor [46], data transmission [47], and high-energy pulse lasers applications [48], [49], and for investigating the dynamics of pulse generation and propagation as a function of cavity/dispersion parameters. Exploring the nonlinear optical properties of carbon-based materials, several soliton and nonsoliton [57]–[60] mode locked EDFLs have been reported using graphene SA [11]–[24] In one of these works, the pulse behavior was theoretically and experimentally studied in a short-length EDFL based on both graphene nanosheets and NPR, used separately, which showed its parabolic tendency [61]. In contrast to previous reported works [55], [56], [61], [62] we investigated in detail the dynamics of pulse formation in a managed dispersive EDFL severely operating at fundamental repetition rate (single pulse regime) in all cavity lengths, showing for the first time, its non-soliton and soliton pulse parameters under a large dispersion variation influence
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