Abstract
This hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was performed to find out the prognostic factors of acute pancreatitis from the available clinical, biochemical, haematological and radiological data. A total of 50 cases were studied. Peak incidence was in the fourth decade. Among the known aetiological factors 18% were due to gallstone disease, 10% alcoholism, 4% pancreatobiliary ascariasis, but 60% were idiopathic. In this study 82% patients were had mild and 18% had severe acute pancreatitis. Overall mortality rate was 6%, mortality was significantly higher (33.33%) in severe acute pancreatitis (33.3% vs 0%). A higher mortality was associated with concomitant medical or surgical diseases, leucocytosis. Other factors associated with a higher mortality were high blood glucose, serum creatinine level and a lower serum albumin and calcium level. This study highlights the need of further study with more detailed recording of relevant data from primary care hospital to find out the clinical pattern of complications and prognostic factors in our country. Keyword: Acute Pancreatitis; Prognosis; Mortality DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.6927J Medicine 2011; 12 : 21-25
Highlights
Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of regional tissues and remote organ systems.1The incidence of pancreatitis varies in different countries and depends on cause, e.g., alcohol, gallstones, metabolic factors and viral infections
Studies suggest that outcome of an attack of acute pancreatitis can be improved by early treatment and urgent treatment of severe acute pancreatitis will reduce morbidity and mortality.[6]
Gall stone related acute pancreatitis was based upon the identification of stone in the gall bladder or in the common bile duct (CBD) by sonography
Summary
Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of regional tissues and remote organ systems.1The incidence of pancreatitis varies in different countries and depends on cause, e.g., alcohol, gallstones, metabolic factors and viral infections. Others suffer from an acute catastrophic illness that cannot be readily distinguished from such severe intraabdominal condition as perforated duodenal ulcer or mesenteric infarction. For this reason the clinician must carefully evaluate information derived from other sources that supplement the history and physical examination including laboratory tests, imaging studies before arriving at a correct diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Removal of factors that may have precipitated the attack is one of the important aspects of management of acute pancreatitis. Studies suggest that outcome of an attack of acute pancreatitis can be improved by early treatment and urgent treatment of severe acute pancreatitis will reduce morbidity and mortality.[6]
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