Study of prevalence Rifampicin and/ or Isoniazid drug resistance among newly diagnosed cases of sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis at tertiary care centre

Abstract

Worldwide tuberculosis is most common infectious cause of death. India bears one-fourth of the global tuberculosis burden. Despite all national & international efforts to control & eliminate tuberculosis, more than 10 million active tuberculosis cases occur each year. The problem of tuberculosis has been further compounded by the emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant(XDR) tuberculosis. Previously treated tuberculosis is most important risk factor for drug resistant TB but treatment naïve patients are also at risk due to transmission of drug resistant strain or spontaneous mutation.Study was conducted in Department Of Respiratory Medicine, GMC Nagpur between May 2017 to October 2018.It was prospective observational study. All sputum smear positive cases were subjected to mycobacterial culture and LPA testing in IRL.Total 250 patients whose sputum smear was positive for acid fast bacilli were included in study. Maximum patients were in age group of 18-30 years of age with mean age 36.43+/-14.05.Out of 250 patient 188 were males and 62 were females. Isoniazid monoresistance was found in 6 patients and isoniazid with rifampicin resistance was found in 9 patients. We did not find any case of rifampicin monoresistance in our study.Prevalence of isoniazid monoresistance was 2.4 % in our study while prevalence of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance (MDR TB) was 3.6%. Thus prevalence of drug resistant TB is low amongst newly diagnosed sputum smear positive cases. This shows success of tuberculosis control programme.