Study of potential plant of Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) with combination of bacteria, organic matter, and inorganic fertilizer for bioremediation of lead (Pb) contaminated soil

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution from anthropogenic sources is a serious problem for the environment, one of these Pb. Besides industrial waste, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture sector can increase heavy metal concentration in the soil. One impact of climate change is the change of rainfall patterns. Some areas suddenly experienced a long drought, forcing farmers to irrigate their fields using industrial wastewater which contains hazardous compounds such as Pb. Bioremediation technology using the plant in combination with microorganisms and organic matter as the bioremediation agent is one way to restore polluted soil as an effort to improve the environment carried out in this study. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of inorganic fertilizers and bioremediation agents on efforts to reduce soil Pb levels with Biduri and the ability of Biduri as Pb hyperaccumulator plants. This study used a factorial experimental design with a completely randomized design with three factors and three replicates. The use of Biduri with a combination of inorganic fertilizers, bioremediation agent, and doses of Pb is able to reduce Pb levels in the soil so that it can be used as an alternative to reduce soil pollution, one of the consequences of climate change which has an impact on agriculture and Biduri in this study have potential as hyperaccumulator plants for Pb.